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- <text id=93HT1380>
- <title>
- Women: The Three "Hot Button" Issues
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Women Portrait
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- December 5, 1977
- The Three "Hot Button" Issues
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Equal Rights Amendment. The ERA states succinctly: "Equality
- of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the
- United States or by any state on account of sex." So indisputable
- did that proposition seem that the amendment breezed through
- Congress in 1972 and was ratified by 35 states. But the last
- three it needs are the hardest to get. None of the remaining
- states is a sure bet.
- </p>
- <p> The stalling of ERA is a tribute to its opponents'
- impassioned, well-organized campaign. Some have tried to scare
- the public with exaggerated warnings of legalized homosexual
- marriages, unisex public toilets and other horrors. More
- restrained critics have wondered if the amendment is really
- necessary, since women's rights (as well as men's) are protected
- by the 14th Amendment. At the very least, they claim, the ERA
- would swamp already over-crowded courts and lead to more
- Government intervention. Until fallible judges start ruling,
- nobody would be sure whether women would have to serve alongside
- men in military combat or whether the payment of alimony would be
- outlawed.
- </p>
- <p> Advocates argue that a constitutional amendment would add
- force to the thrust for equal rights. Women would find it easier
- to challenge archaic laws that in some states put them at a
- disadvantage in such matters as inheritance and property rights.
- They also would be in a better position to win law suits against
- employers charged with discrimination in hiring and promotions.
- Equally important, ERA would add a certain symbolic weight to the
- women's movement.
- </p>
- <p> Abortion. Feminists are fighting to keep from losing more
- ground on the issue of abortion. The U.S. Supreme Court in 1973
- gave women the right to have an abortion for any reason during the
- first three months of pregnancy and later both federal and state
- Medicaid funds were provided for those who could not afford to pay
- for it. Since then, little has gone well for the supporters of
- abortion.
- </p>
- <p> Opposition groups have displayed surprising determination,
- organizational skills and political power. Claiming that life
- before birth is no less life, they have convinced one politician
- after another to oppose abortion, or at least federal funding for
- it.
- </p>
- <p> When Congress passed a bill last year eliminating Medicaid
- funds for abortions, the action was challenged in the courts. Last
- June the Supreme Court ruled that the Federal Government is under
- no constitutional obligation to finance abortions if the mother's
- health is not in jeopardy. Fifteen states have also cut off
- public funds for the medical procedure, and the number is bound
- to grow. The Houston conference voted to restore that funding.
- </p>
- <p> Impatient with the slow process of getting an anti-abortion
- constitutional amendment through Congress, Right-to-Lifers have
- persuaded nine state legislatures to vote to convene a
- constitutional convention. If 25 more states go along--an
- unlikely proposition--American's second constitutional
- convention will be held.
- </p>
- <p> Lesbian Rights. "Sexual preference," the feminist euphemism
- for lesbian rights, was not on the original agenda for Houston,
- but under the rules any subject had to be considered if ten or
- more state conventions asked for it. The demand for a lesbian
- rights provision came thundering down from no fewer than 36 state
- conventions. "It was obviously a grass-roots movement," says
- Lenore McNeer, who chaired the Vermont delegation and was one of
- the delegates who felt that lesbian rights is a civil liberties
- issue inappropriate to the agenda of a women's rights convention.
- But in the interest of unity, the less radical women persuaded
- themselves to pass the homosexual rights resolution.
- </p>
- <p> It calls for an end to discrimination on the basis of "sex"
- and "affectional preference" in child-custody suits; in housing,
- employment, credit, public accommodations, Government-funded
- projects and the military; and in state laws restricting "private
- sexual behavior between consenting adults." Recognizing that
- many women feared that the resolution would hurt chances for
- passage of the ERA, Arizona Delegate Sue Dye explained: "It was
- a matter of sympathy, even though it makes things more difficult
- politically." Agreed Kentucky's Allie Hixson, chairwoman of her
- delegation: "This is a women's rights issue because if any group
- of individuals is repressed, it affects us all." The vote on the
- issue, said Liz Carpenter, head of ERAmerica, shows "how secure
- women have become. Five years ago, it would have been impossible."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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